Understanding the 12 Gauge Pump Shotgun
The satisfying pump of a shotgun echoing through the air is a powerful sound, a testament to both the firearm’s enduring design and its ability to deliver serious stopping power. Shotguns, in their various forms, have long been a staple in the world of firearms, prized for their versatility and devastating impact. Within this realm, the 12 gauge pump shotgun stands out as a true workhorse, offering a blend of simplicity, reliability, and raw effectiveness. This guide delves deep into the world of these formidable firearms, exploring the top models on the market and providing essential information to help you find the perfect 12 gauge pump shotgun for your individual needs.
The pump-action shotgun is more than just a firearm; it’s a piece of mechanical ingenuity. Its core function relies on a simple yet effective mechanism. After firing a shell, the shooter manually slides the forend, or pump, towards the rear. This action extracts the spent shell casing, ejects it, and then cocks the firing mechanism. As the forend is then moved forward, a fresh shell is loaded from the magazine into the chamber, ready for the next shot. This manual operation gives the shooter complete control and eliminates complex mechanical issues that can sometimes plague other types of firearms.
Why the 12 gauge? The 12 gauge is the dominant cartridge size for shotguns for several compelling reasons. Its larger bore diameter translates to a greater payload capacity, allowing for a wider spread of pellets or a larger single projectile (slug). This, in turn, means increased stopping power, making it a formidable choice for both defensive scenarios and hunting applications. The 12 gauge also benefits from readily available ammunition in a wide variety of loads, from birdshot to buckshot to slugs, providing flexibility across different shooting disciplines. The commonality of the 12 gauge further translates to easier access to spare parts, accessories, and knowledgeable gunsmiths.
The 12 gauge pump shotgun finds its utility in a broad spectrum of roles. It’s a favorite for home defense, where its stopping power and manageable recoil make it a potent deterrent. The versatility of various shell types allows for adapting to diverse threats. In hunting, the 12 gauge excels in taking down game, from upland birds to deer, depending on the ammunition used. The pump action is a reliable choice for hunters in various terrains and weather conditions. The shotgun also sees extensive use in law enforcement and military applications, valued for its close-range effectiveness. Beyond practical applications, 12 gauge pump shotguns can be a gateway to sport, with enthusiasts competing in sports like trap, skeet, and sporting clays.
Choosing the right 12 gauge pump shotgun involves carefully considering several key factors. Reliability and durability are paramount. The firearm must function flawlessly, even under harsh conditions and with frequent use. Ergonomics and handling play a crucial role in comfortable and accurate shooting. The shotgun should fit well in your hands, with easy access to controls and a comfortable feel. Ammunition compatibility is another vital consideration. Ensuring that the shotgun is compatible with various loads, including different shell lengths and materials, broadens its usefulness. The price and value are also important. The best shotgun is one that fits your budget while delivering the features, reliability, and performance you need. Other features, such as sights, magazine capacity, and the quality of the materials, can also sway a buyer’s choice.
Top 12 Gauge Pump Shotgun Reviews
The Remington 870: A Classic for a Reason
The Remington 870 has become a true icon in the world of shotguns, and for very good reason. It’s been the trusted partner of law enforcement officers, hunters, and homeowners for decades. Its rugged reliability, simple design, and widespread availability have solidified its place as a legendary firearm.
Overview: The Remington 870 is a pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms. Introduced in 1950, it quickly gained popularity and has been a consistent favorite. It’s known for its durability, smooth action, and ease of maintenance. The 870 has undergone various modifications and updates throughout its history.
Key Features: Durable steel receiver, reliable pump action, wide range of configurations, various barrel lengths, magazine capacities, and stock options, aftermarket support and customization possibilities.
Specifications: Barrel lengths typically range from 18.5 inches to 28 inches. Overall length varies depending on the barrel and stock configuration, but common options range from 38.5 to 48.5 inches. Weight is generally around 7 to 8 pounds, unloaded. Capacity typically ranges from 4+1 to 7+1, depending on the model and magazine extension. The average price hovers around the mid-price point, making it affordable and good value.
Pros: Exceptionally reliable, durable, readily available, affordable, easy to disassemble and maintain, extensive aftermarket support for customization.
Cons: Some models may exhibit finish issues, the pump action might feel a bit rough compared to some other shotguns.
Intended Use: Home defense, hunting, law enforcement, recreational shooting.
User feedback: Many users praise the 870 for its ruggedness and dependability. It’s often described as a “workhorse” that will consistently function under any conditions.
The Mossberg 500/590 Series: Versatility and Value
The Mossberg 500/590 series presents another strong contender in the world of 12 gauge pump shotguns. These shotguns are known for their rugged design, simple operation, and affordability, making them attractive to a wide variety of shooters.
Overview: Manufactured by O.F. Mossberg & Sons, the 500 series has a long and successful history. The 500 series is the basic platform, while the 590 series typically features a heavier barrel and magazine tube, making it more suitable for tactical and combat use.
Key Features: Top-mounted safety, dual-action bars for smooth pump operation, numerous configurations available, including different barrel lengths, magazine capacities, and stock options. The 590 models often have a magazine tube that can accept a bayonet.
Specifications: Barrel lengths range from 18.5 to 28 inches, depending on the model. Overall length is generally between 39 and 49 inches. Weight is approximately 6.5 to 7.5 pounds, unloaded. Magazine capacity varies, but common configurations include 5+1 and 8+1. The price range is competitive, making it an excellent value proposition.
Pros: Very affordable, reliable operation, simple design, ambidextrous top-mounted safety, wide variety of aftermarket accessories.
Cons: The action can sometimes feel less smooth compared to other shotguns.
Intended Use: Home defense, hunting, sport shooting, law enforcement.
User Feedback: Many users value the Mossberg 500/590 series for its reliability and affordability. The top-mounted safety is praised by both left and right-handed shooters.
The Benelli Nova/SuperNova: Strength and Innovation
The Benelli Nova and SuperNova shotguns are known for their robust construction, innovative features, and comfortable shooting experience. These shotguns are designed to handle heavy use and recoil while offering a modern design.
Overview: The Benelli Nova and SuperNova are pump-action shotguns manufactured by Benelli Armi S.p.A. in Italy. They are known for their strong polymer construction and innovative features. The SuperNova offers additional features and a more advanced recoil system.
Key Features: Strong polymer receiver and forend, recoil-reducing features (SuperNova), rotating bolt head, quick-loading system, various barrel lengths and configurations.
Specifications: Barrel lengths are typically 24 to 28 inches. Overall length is between 45 and 50 inches. Weight is approximately 7 to 7.5 pounds. Magazine capacity varies depending on the configuration. The SuperNova models typically feature a Comfortech stock to reduce felt recoil. They come in a price range that represents premium value.
Pros: Extremely durable, innovative recoil-reducing features, comfortable to shoot, reliable operation, stylish design.
Cons: Polymer construction may not appeal to those who prefer the feel of metal, potentially higher price compared to some other options.
Intended Use: Hunting, home defense, tactical applications, recreational shooting.
User Feedback: Users commend the Benelli Nova and SuperNova for their durability and low recoil. The innovative features, like the quick-loading system, are also popular.
Tips for Buying a 12 Gauge Pump Shotgun
Purchasing a 12 gauge pump shotgun is a significant decision. Before purchasing, research your local regulations. Then, you’ll want to determine where you’re going to buy. Gun stores, both local and those with a wide online presence, are great places to physically examine various models, compare features, and get expert advice. Online retailers also offer a wide selection, often at competitive prices. However, if choosing an online retailer, make sure they comply with local gun laws.
Navigating the legal requirements is vital. You’ll likely need to pass a background check and possibly obtain a permit or license to purchase a firearm. Federal laws will mandate a background check and a waiting period. State and local laws can vary greatly.
Before committing to a purchase, ensure that the shotgun fits you properly. Shoulder the shotgun and make sure you can comfortably reach the pump and controls. Proper fit is essential for both comfort and accuracy. Be aware of the importance of proper training and safety. Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded. Take a firearms safety course to learn the fundamentals of safe gun handling and shooting.
Maintenance and Care
Proper care and maintenance are essential to keeping your 12 gauge pump shotgun functioning reliably. Cleaning your shotgun after each use is important. Disassemble the firearm according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Clean the bore with a cleaning rod, brush, and solvent. Wipe down all metal parts with a light coating of oil. Lubricate the moving parts.
Store your shotgun in a secure location, such as a locked gun safe or cabinet, away from children and unauthorized individuals. Ensure it’s unloaded and that the ammunition is stored separately. Familiarize yourself with safety precautions and practices. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction. Never put your finger on the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
Conclusion
The 12 gauge pump shotgun is a versatile and reliable firearm that has earned its place as a staple for various shooting needs. Whether you’re looking for a robust home defense tool, a dependable hunting companion, or an entry point into the shooting sports, the 12 gauge pump shotgun offers a combination of power, simplicity, and affordability. Understanding the various models and considering your specific needs will help you make the right choice. Choose the best 12 gauge pump that fits your lifestyle, and enjoy the experience.
