Introduction
The Winchester Model 70. The very name conjures images of classic American craftsmanship, a rifle steeped in history, and a level of accuracy and reliability that has solidified its place in the pantheon of firearms. Revered by collectors and hunters alike, the pre-’64 Winchester Model 70 represents a golden era of rifle manufacturing. These rifles are more than just tools; they are tangible pieces of history, investments that often appreciate over time. Owning one is like holding a piece of Americana. This guide will serve as your primer, equipping you with the knowledge and skills to identify a genuine pre-’64 Winchester Model 70, separating the authentic from the imitations, and understanding what makes these rifles so special. The value and the appeal of the pre-’64 model far surpass the more common rifles that came later.
The quest to understand and identify the pre-’64 Model 70 begins with grasping the fundamental significance of the term itself. It’s more than just a date; it’s a marker of a pivotal shift in Winchester’s manufacturing approach. In the year nineteen sixty-four, Winchester implemented changes in their production processes, driven by economic factors and the desire to streamline manufacturing. The changes, while understandable from a business perspective, resulted in a noticeable decline in the quality of materials, craftsmanship, and overall finish. This transition created a clear distinction between the pre-’64 models, known for their superior quality and meticulous construction, and the post-’64 models, which, while still functional, often lacked the same level of refinement. The change caused pre-’64 rifles to be greatly coveted by collectors.
Before delving into the specific characteristics, it’s helpful to have a general overview of what makes a pre-’64 Winchester Model 70 so special. These rifles are known for their superior build. High-quality steel, often hand-fitted and carefully assembled, were used in the construction. Attention to detail was paramount, from the smooth cycling of the bolt to the finely checkered stocks. The pre-’64 Model 70 wasn’t just a rifle; it was a statement of pride in American manufacturing, a commitment to excellence that is evident in every aspect of its design and construction. These rifles are built with passion and pride, making them valuable to this day.
Key Features to Examine
Serial Number and Date of Manufacture
Starting your examination, one of the first things to look at is the rifle’s serial number. The serial number provides a crucial starting point for determining the rifle’s age and, consequently, its pre-’64 status. The serial number is usually found on the receiver, typically on the bottom, in front of the trigger guard. While the exact location might vary slightly, the placement is generally consistent. Many resources are available online to cross-reference the serial number with known manufacturing dates. A pre-’64 Model 70 will fall within a specific serial number range depending on the production year. Take note of this and keep it as a reference. However, remember that serial number alone is not the only factor in confirming a rifle’s pre-’64 status. The serial number must align with the other features. Furthermore, be cautious as matching the serial number to the date is not always possible with every rifle.
The Receiver
Next, let’s examine the receiver. The receiver is the heart of the rifle, the central housing for the action. Carefully inspect the receiver markings. Genuine pre-’64 Model 70s typically feature clean, crisp markings, including the Winchester name, the Model 70 designation, and possibly other factory information. Examine the receiver’s finish. Pre-’64 receivers often display a blued finish, typically executed with meticulous care. Look for a smooth, even surface without any obvious imperfections. The quality of the bluing is an immediate indicator of the overall quality of the rifle. Compare it to known examples of pre-’64 models to get a good idea of the quality expected. The general shape and feel of the receiver should also align with known pre-’64 characteristics. The receiver’s design should be consistent with its age.
The Bolt
The bolt is another crucial area to examine. The bolt is the mechanism that chambers the round, extracts the spent casing, and prepares the rifle for the next shot. Pre-’64 Model 70 bolts are known for their smooth operation and distinct features. Study the bolt handle. The shape and style of the bolt handle on a pre-’64 Model 70 are often specific to the era. Check to see the bolt handle shape and appearance, and see if they match typical pre-’64 models. Take a good look at the bolt itself. The machining and finish of the bolt are important. Pre-’64 bolts were typically well-machined and blued, indicating the attention to detail present in the manufacturing process. The bolt face itself can also offer clues. The overall smoothness and polish should reflect the high level of craftsmanship associated with pre-’64 models. The bolt action should be smooth and crisp.
Trigger and Safety
Delve into the trigger and safety mechanism. The trigger is the critical component that initiates the firing sequence, while the safety mechanism is designed to prevent accidental discharge. Pre-’64 Model 70s typically feature a distinct trigger mechanism and safety design. Most notably, the safety often swings laterally, to the side, instead of the vertical movement found in later models. The trigger itself should exhibit a clean break and a crisp feel, indicative of a finely tuned mechanism.
The Barrel
Move on to the barrel. The barrel is the part of the rifle from which the bullet exits. Check the barrel markings. These markings can provide critical information, including the caliber of the rifle, the Winchester name, and proof marks that indicate the barrel has been tested for safety. Examine the barrel’s profile and finish. Pre-’64 barrels were generally well-finished and blued to match the receiver. Look for consistent bluing and a smooth surface. The barrel’s shape and thickness may indicate the purpose of the rifle, such as a target or hunting rifle, both of which were manufactured in the pre-’64 era. The barrel is of high quality, and the proof mark adds another layer of authenticity.
Stock and Forend
The stock and forend offer valuable insights into the authenticity and overall condition of the rifle. The stock is the wooden part of the rifle that the shooter holds. The forend is the portion of the stock located under the barrel. Consider the type of wood used for the stock. Pre-’64 Model 70s were often crafted from high-quality walnut, which often featured rich grain patterns and a durable finish. Check the checkering, the patterned, textured areas on the stock used for gripping. Pre-’64 models are known for their fine checkering, which often displays sharp lines and a consistent pattern. Examine the shape and style of the stock. Compare it to known examples of pre-’64 models. Look for features like the pistol grip shape, the presence of a cheekpiece, and the overall balance and proportion of the stock. The finish of the stock is also very important; it should have a smooth, polished look.
Floorplate and Bottom Metal
The floorplate and bottom metal are frequently overlooked, but they provide important clues to a rifle’s authenticity. The floorplate is the hinged plate at the bottom of the magazine well. Check the shape, finish, and markings of the floorplate. Pre-’64 floorplates often feature distinct designs and finishes. The quality of the bluing should match the rest of the rifle. Be aware of any unusual modifications or inconsistencies.
Additional Considerations and Tips
Condition
Beyond the physical features, there are a few more factors to consider. Pay close attention to the overall condition of the rifle. A pre-’64 Model 70 in excellent condition is highly desirable, while one in poor condition may indicate that it has been subjected to improper care or modifications. The condition is the first thing a collector will look at. Check for any signs of wear, rust, or damage. Examine the bluing for fading or wear. Carefully inspect the stock for scratches, dents, or cracks.
Originality
Consider the originality of the rifle. Has it been modified or altered in any way? Originality is a major factor in determining the value of a pre-’64 Winchester Model 70. Any modifications, such as a replaced stock, aftermarket sights, or altered trigger mechanisms, can negatively impact its value. It’s worth checking for any replaced parts. Inspect the rifle to see if any parts appear to have been replaced.
Collector’s Guides and Resources
Consult with collector’s guides and other resources. Books, websites, and other resources can provide valuable information about identifying a pre-’64 Winchester Model 70. Study these resources and compare the features of your rifle to the information provided. Consult with experts to ensure the information provided aligns with the authenticity of the rifle.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Before concluding your assessment, watch out for common mistakes and pitfalls. Be wary of rifles that appear to be in too-good-to-be-true condition. Modifications or alterations, can drastically change the value. In general, do your research before making any purchase, and avoid being hasty.
Conclusion
With a final assessment, you’ve successfully identified your pre-’64 Winchester Model 70. The pre-’64 Winchester Model 70 remains an iconic rifle. The meticulous attention to detail, the quality of the materials, and the legendary accuracy combine to make it a timeless classic. These rifles are valued in the collector world and are prized as investments. Consider this guide as a starting point, a solid foundation upon which to build your knowledge and appreciation of these exceptional firearms. Explore the resources available. Consult with experts. Become a part of the community of collectors and enthusiasts who share your passion for this iconic rifle. Continue to study and analyze the features of your rifle, and enjoy the process of discovering a piece of history.
