A Look Back: Origins and Purpose
The 22 Hornet: A Classic’s Tale
Both the 22 Hornet and the 17 WSM share a common purpose: delivering a small, fast bullet with accuracy. However, their origins and development paths differ considerably. The 22 Hornet, a rimmed, bottlenecked cartridge, has a rich history. Developed in the early twentieth century, it stemmed from the need for a more effective round than existing small-bore options, particularly for varmint control. This cartridge was initially developed for use in single-shot rifles, and later found its way into bolt-action designs. It quickly gained popularity among hunters and target shooters for its accuracy and relatively mild recoil. Its trajectory made it a suitable choice for taking down small to medium varmints at extended ranges. The 22 Hornet’s longevity is a testament to its performance and versatility.
The 17 WSM: The Modern Rimfire
The 17 WSM, on the other hand, is a more recent innovation, appearing in the early twenty-first century. Developed by Winchester, it represents a leap forward in rimfire technology. While the 22 Hornet has its roots in centerfire technology, the 17 WSM utilizes the rimfire ignition system, making it simpler to manufacture and more accessible in terms of rifle platforms. The primary goal was to create a cartridge that offered superior ballistics to the established .17 HMR, providing higher velocity, flatter trajectories, and greater energy at longer ranges. This focus on performance, particularly for varmint hunting, made it a competitive choice. The 17 WSM’s contemporary design is a reflection of the evolution of ammunition technology.
Knowing the Numbers: Comparing Specifications
Bullet and Case Dimensions
To fully understand the capabilities of these two rounds, we must delve into their key specifications. The 22 Hornet, using a .22-caliber bullet, typically fires bullets ranging from around forty to fifty-five grains. Its case is longer and wider, allowing for a larger powder charge, resulting in impressive velocity figures, often exceeding three thousand feet per second, and even higher with select loads.
The 17 WSM, as its name indicates, uses a .17-caliber bullet. Bullets typically weigh around twenty grains. The 17 WSM’s smaller bullet and rimfire ignition system contribute to its specific physical characteristics. This cartridge frequently achieves muzzle velocities upwards of three thousand feet per second, often outperforming many 22 Hornet loads at various distances.
Trajectory Considerations
The shape and weight of the projectiles contribute significantly to the trajectory. The 17 WSM’s higher velocity gives it a slightly flatter trajectory, meaning less bullet drop over distance, making it easier to hit targets accurately at longer ranges.
Examining Kinetic Energy and Impact
Energy at the Muzzle and Beyond
The ballistic performance goes beyond mere speed. Kinetic energy, the force a bullet carries at impact, is a crucial factor, especially when considering hunting applications. The 22 Hornet, with its larger bullet and higher grain weights, generally delivers more energy at the muzzle, potentially leading to more dramatic terminal ballistics.
The 17 WSM, while boasting a higher velocity, often has lower kinetic energy values at the muzzle compared to the Hornet due to the lighter bullet. However, the 17 WSM often retains more energy downrange than the 22 Hornet, given the flatter trajectory. This means that at longer distances, the 17 WSM might still deliver an effective punch.
Terminal Ballistics and Wound Channels
The way a bullet interacts with its target matters. The 22 Hornet’s larger bullet has the capacity to expand or fragment on impact, creating larger wound channels and quicker, more humane kills. It can transfer more energy to the target. The 17 WSM’s smaller bullet tends to disintegrate on impact, which causes a significant shock and hydrostatic impact, particularly for varmint control.
Accuracy, the Hallmark of a Shooter
Factors Influencing Precision
Accuracy is paramount for any shooter. Several factors contribute to a cartridge’s precision, including the quality of the ammunition, the rifle’s barrel quality, and the shooter’s skill. The 22 Hornet has a long-standing reputation for accuracy, making it a favorite for target shooting and hunting. The cartridge’s inherent stability and the availability of high-quality ammunition contribute to its consistent performance.
Accuracy in Modern Cartridges
The 17 WSM, despite being a newer design, shows impressive accuracy capabilities. Many rifles chambered for this round are built with excellent barrels and are designed to take advantage of the round’s high velocity and flat trajectory. With the right rifle and ammunition, the 17 WSM can achieve remarkable accuracy at various distances.
The Importance of the Shooter
The shooter’s influence is crucial. Practice, consistency, and a good understanding of ballistics will help maximize accuracy with either round.
The Physics of Fire: Recoil and its Consequences
Recoil Levels
Recoil, the kick a firearm delivers when fired, is another significant aspect. Both the 22 Hornet and the 17 WSM are known for their relatively low recoil, making them comfortable to shoot and suitable for shooters of all experience levels.
The 22 Hornet, with its slightly larger case and heavier bullet, generates a bit more recoil than the 17 WSM. However, this difference is subtle and unlikely to deter shooters. The 17 WSM’s recoil is almost negligible.
Benefits of Low Recoil
Low recoil enables quicker follow-up shots, important for hunting situations where multiple targets may present themselves. It can also improve accuracy, as less recoil makes it easier to maintain a steady aim.
Navigating the Market: Ammo and Rifles
Ammunition Availability and Pricing
Ammunition availability and cost are critical considerations. The 22 Hornet, a long-established round, has a good range of ammunition options from various manufacturers. Prices tend to be moderate, making it accessible to many shooters. The availability of reloading components further enhances the Hornet’s appeal for the dedicated shooter.
The 17 WSM, while newer, enjoys a good supply of factory ammunition, again from a variety of manufacturers. Its popularity, particularly for varmint hunting, helps ensure a steady supply. The costs associated with ammunition are slightly higher than the 22 Hornet, reflecting the more specialized technology used.
Rifle Platforms
Considering rifle platforms is another important aspect. The 22 Hornet is commonly found in bolt-action rifles. Single-shot rifles and combination guns are also available. The availability of diverse rifle options allows shooters to choose a platform that perfectly matches their needs and preferences.
The 17 WSM is most often chambered in bolt-action rifles. The rifles for the 17 WSM can feature modern designs and advanced barrel technology.
Putting Them to the Test: Applications and Performance
Varmint Hunting
The choice between these two cartridges often comes down to how you plan to use them. For varmint hunting, both excel. The 22 Hornet is a capable choice for prairie dogs, groundhogs, and similar species. The 17 WSM’s high velocity and flatter trajectory make it exceptionally well-suited for long-range varminting. The 17 WSM delivers an explosive impact.
Target Shooting and Plinking
For target shooting, the 22 Hornet offers a superb shooting experience due to its accuracy and light recoil. Its precision makes it a pleasure to shoot. The 17 WSM, with its accuracy and flat trajectory, can also be enjoyable for target practice, and it’s an excellent option for casual plinking.
Small Game Hunting
For small game hunting, both cartridges are viable. The 22 Hornet is effective on rabbits and squirrels, while the 17 WSM offers similar performance, potentially with a greater effective range.
Quick Glance: Pros and Cons at a Glance
| Feature | 22 Hornet | 17 WSM |
|---|---|---|
| Velocity | Good | Excellent |
| Trajectory | Good | Very Flat |
| Energy | Good | Good |
| Recoil | Light | Very Light |
| Ammunition Cost | Moderate | Slightly Higher |
| Target Shooting | Excellent | Very Good |
| Varmint Hunting | Excellent | Excellent |
The Final Verdict: Making the Best Choice
Deciding between the 22 Hornet and the 17 WSM depends on your specific needs. If you prioritize versatility and the broadest selection of ammunition, the 22 Hornet is a solid choice. It is suitable for various uses and provides a comfortable shooting experience. The availability of reloading components adds to its appeal.
If long-range performance, a flatter trajectory, and explosive impact are your primary concerns, the 17 WSM may be a better choice. It is ideal for varmint hunting at extended ranges.
Consider the type of hunting you plan to undertake. Your budget, the range at which you typically shoot, and your personal preferences should all factor into your final decision.
The 22 Hornet and the 17 WSM offer compelling reasons to choose them. Assess the performance, the price, and the features, and then you can select the round that best fits your shooting style. Both cartridges provide enjoyable and fulfilling experiences. The correct answer is to use the cartridge that best suits your needs.
