Understanding the Mossberg 590
Overview of the Mossberg 590 (Models and Specifications)
The Mossberg 590 is a family of pump-action shotguns, built for durability and dependability. It’s a platform that can be configured for a multitude of roles, which is a significant part of its appeal.
Consider the basic mechanics: the 590 operates on a pump-action mechanism, feeding rounds from a tubular magazine located under the barrel into the chamber. The shotgun’s design is generally straightforward, making it reliable and relatively easy to maintain. The receiver is typically made of aluminum alloy or steel, ensuring strength and longevity. The barrel itself is a critical component, directly impacting ballistics, handling, and the overall utility of the firearm. The fore-end, the part you grip to pump the action, typically slides on twin action bars. These twin action bars are a hallmark of a robust design meant to last.
The 590 comes in various models, each tailored to a specific purpose. Some of the more common variations include the standard 590, the 590A1, which is designed to meet military specifications (known for its durability), and the 590S, which can accommodate both 2.75-inch and 3-inch shells (and often utilizes a unique magazine tube design). Barrel lengths vary significantly, ranging from compact models for home defense to longer barrels suitable for hunting. The magazine tube capacity also varies. Some models boast higher capacities, further enhancing the 590’s utility for defensive or tactical use.
Why Change the Barrel?
Why would someone consider changing the barrel on a 590? One of the primary reasons is to adapt the firearm for different applications. A shorter barrel, for instance, is often preferred for home defense due to its maneuverability in confined spaces. Conversely, a longer barrel might be chosen for hunting, providing a wider effective range and facilitating the use of different chokes.
Beyond practical considerations, barrel selection allows for customization. Different barrel lengths affect the shotgun’s balance and pointability. Certain barrels may include different sighting systems, enhancing target acquisition. Barrel changes also provide an opportunity to personalize the firearm to match an individual’s shooting style and preferences.
Is the Barrel Interchangeable on the Mossberg 590?
Yes, it is generally possible to change the barrel on a Mossberg 590.
The answer to the question of whether you can change the barrel on a Mossberg 590 is a resounding yes, with certain qualifications that we’ll address. The Mossberg 590 is designed to allow barrel changes, which adds to its versatility.
The barrel is typically attached to the receiver via a threaded system. This means the barrel screws into the receiver, a design that allows for relatively easy removal and replacement. This straightforward approach makes barrel swaps feasible for many firearm owners, though some mechanical aptitude and understanding of safe firearm handling are required.
Important Considerations
It’s very important to remember there are significant considerations associated with barrel swaps, particularly those pertaining to law. Federal, state, and local laws concerning firearm modifications must be thoroughly understood and followed. The most crucial aspect here is barrel length. Federal law, generally, requires that a shotgun have a barrel length of at least eighteen inches and an overall length of at least twenty-six inches, unless a special permit is obtained. Short-barreled shotguns are subject to specific regulations and must be registered. Modifying a firearm in violation of these regulations can result in serious legal consequences.
Always research and verify all the applicable laws in your location before making any barrel changes. Local laws can vary significantly, even within the same state.
The magazine tube’s interaction with the barrel also plays a key role. The magazine tube on the 590 connects directly to the barrel and helps secure it to the receiver. Some barrel replacements will necessitate corresponding changes to the magazine tube assembly. Make sure the barrel you are considering is compatible with your existing magazine tube setup or is designed to work with a new tube.
Steps to Change a Mossberg 590 Barrel
Safety Precautions (Crucial!)
Before undertaking any work on a firearm, absolute safety is paramount.
First and foremost, ensure the shotgun is unloaded. Remove the magazine tube cap and verify that there are no rounds in the magazine tube. Open the action and visually inspect the chamber to confirm it’s empty. Point the shotgun in a safe direction (preferably towards a direction where a negligent discharge could cause minimal harm) throughout the process. Keep your finger off the trigger unless you are intentionally firing the weapon at a recognized safe target. Wear eye protection. Safety glasses or goggles protect your eyes from potential debris. Work in a well-lit area to see clearly. A clean workspace helps prevent losing parts or making errors.
Tools and Materials Required
The following is a general guide. Always consult the specific manufacturer’s instructions for the barrel you are using.
To begin, the forearm must be removed. This is usually accomplished by removing the forearm retaining nut. In the 590 design, the forearm may slide off the magazine tube and off the barrel. The barrel is typically held in place by the magazine tube. Remove the magazine tube cap. This may also involve unscrewing a small screw, dependent on the model.
Next, loosen the barrel. The barrel is usually threaded into the receiver. Using an appropriate wrench, carefully loosen the barrel from the receiver. You may need a specialized barrel wrench designed for Mossberg 590 barrels, but sometimes a standard adjustable wrench or a combination wrench is sufficient. Apply steady, even pressure to avoid damaging the receiver or the barrel.
Once the barrel is loose, unscrew it completely and remove it from the receiver.
The new barrel installation begins by threading the new barrel into the receiver. Align the barrel with the receiver and carefully screw it in by hand. Once snug, use the appropriate wrench to tighten the barrel securely. Again, use steady pressure and avoid over-tightening, which could damage the threads. Some barrels have specific torque specifications. Check the manufacturer’s instructions, and tighten to the recommended value.
After installing the new barrel, reassemble the shotgun in reverse order. Reattach the forearm, the magazine tube cap (and any associated screws).
Once the barrel is replaced and the shotgun is reassembled, perform a thorough function test. Cycle the action several times, making sure that the action is smooth and that the shotgun extracts and ejects spent shells reliably. The trigger should function properly and drop the hammer.
Sourcing Replacement Barrels
Reputable manufacturers of Mossberg 590 barrels (examples).
Several reputable manufacturers offer replacement barrels for the Mossberg 590. Exploring different options is essential to ensure you get a barrel that fits your needs and preferences.
Some popular manufacturers include, though this is not an exhaustive list, the following:
- **Mossberg**: You can often find replacement barrels directly from Mossberg. This guarantees compatibility with your firearm.
- **Brownells**: Brownells is a major supplier of gun parts and accessories, including 590 barrels. They often carry a wide selection of barrel lengths and configurations.
- **MidwayUSA**: MidwayUSA is another prominent retailer. Their selection may include various aftermarket barrels.
Where to buy barrels
When you are deciding where to purchase, barrel length options are crucial. For home defense, shorter barrels (around 18.5 inches) are common. For hunting, you might need a longer barrel (24 inches or more).
Consider the choke options. Some barrels have fixed chokes (like modified or improved cylinder), while others are threaded for interchangeable chokes. This impacts your shot patterns.
Price ranges vary. Determine your budget before starting your search. Generally, quality barrels range from moderate to higher prices.
Troubleshooting and Common Problems
Barrel won’t fit.
Sometimes, issues can arise during the barrel replacement process. Some common problems and solutions include:
**Barrel Won’t Fit:** The most common issue is barrel incompatibility. Ensure that the new barrel is designed for your specific 590 model and that it’s the correct thread pitch.
**Difficulty Removing the Old Barrel:** If the old barrel is stuck, try applying penetrating oil to the threads. Let it sit for a while. Apply even pressure when using a wrench, and consider using heat (carefully and with appropriate safety precautions) to loosen stubborn threads.
**Problems with the Forearm or Other Components:** Make sure the forearm fits properly on the new barrel and doesn’t bind. The forearm should slide smoothly along the barrel.
**Proper Assembly and Function Testing:** After replacing the barrel, always conduct a thorough function test to ensure the shotgun operates correctly. Cycle the action multiple times with dummy rounds, observing extraction, ejection, and trigger function.
Legal Considerations
Gun laws are complex and vary by location. Before making any changes to your Mossberg 590, it is imperative that you research and fully understand all applicable federal, state, and local laws. Pay close attention to barrel length restrictions. Short-barreled shotguns are often subject to severe restrictions and require compliance with the National Firearms Act (NFA), including registration and a tax stamp. Failure to comply with these laws could result in severe legal consequences.
This article does not constitute legal advice. Always consult with a qualified legal professional for guidance regarding the specific regulations in your area.
Conclusion
Changing the barrel on a Mossberg 590 is a practical way to tailor this classic shotgun for various applications. The process involves basic mechanical steps, but it’s critical to prioritize safety and to understand and abide by the relevant laws. This guide has explored the interchangeability of the barrel, the necessary steps for replacement, and the importance of compliance with legal regulations.
Remember that responsible firearm ownership always includes thorough research, attention to detail, and a commitment to safety. Modify your firearm to suit your specific needs while always respecting the law.
