Building an AR-15 can be an incredibly rewarding experience. It allows for complete customization, enabling you to tailor the rifle to your specific needs and preferences. Beyond the personalization aspect, building your own AR-15 often provides cost savings compared to purchasing a pre-built rifle and gives you a deep understanding of how the firearm functions. However, a successful and safe build hinges on having the right tools at your disposal. This guide will delve into the essential tools for building AR-15 rifles, providing a detailed look at what you’ll need to get the job done correctly and efficiently. From basic hand tools to specialized armorer’s equipment, we’ll cover everything you require to embark on your AR-15 building journey.
Preparing Your Workspace
Before diving into the construction process, establishing a proper workspace is crucial. A well-organized and safe environment minimizes frustration and increases the likelihood of a successful build.
A key element is the work surface. Opt for a clean, flat, and sturdy surface. A workbench is ideal, but a sturdy table will suffice. Make sure the surface is large enough to accommodate the parts, tools, and your work process. An uncluttered workspace prevents losing small parts and keeps you focused.
Organization is paramount. Utilize parts trays, small containers, and magnetic trays to keep your components sorted. The AR-15 is composed of many small parts, and a systematic approach will save you significant time and headaches. Labeling containers can further improve your organization.
Safety equipment is non-negotiable. Always wear eye protection. Safety glasses or, preferably, goggles are crucial to protect your eyes from flying debris or potential mishaps. Gloves can be helpful, offering improved grip and protecting your hands, particularly when working with lubricants or sharp edges. Consider wearing hearing protection, especially if you anticipate using power tools during any part of the assembly, though hand tools are usually silent.
Basic Hand Tools: The Foundation of Your Build
While specialized tools for building AR-15 are essential, a good foundation of basic hand tools is the starting point. These everyday tools will handle much of the initial assembly.
Screwdrivers of various sizes and types are necessities. You’ll need both Phillips head and flathead screwdrivers. Some AR-15 components use Torx screws, so make sure you have a set of Torx screwdrivers as well. Using the right screwdriver for each screw type is vital to prevent stripping the screw heads and causing damage to your parts.
Wrenches and sockets are integral to tightening and loosening various components. You’ll need wrenches for the castle nut, barrel nut, and potentially other components, depending on your build configuration. A socket set will prove invaluable for tightening bolts and fasteners. It’s wise to have both inch/SAE and metric socket sets as there can be some variance in screw sizes. Always ensure your wrench or socket fits snugly to avoid damaging the fasteners.
Punches and a hammer are useful for tasks like installing and removing pins. Roll pin punches, available in different sizes, are specifically designed to drive in roll pins without damaging them. Pin punches help with other components. Employ a non-marring hammer. Nylon, brass, or rubber hammers are excellent choices, as they prevent damage to the surfaces you’re working on.
Allen wrenches or hex keys are used for tightening screws commonly found on handguards, scopes, and other accessories. Consider a set of ball-end Allen wrenches to improve accessibility, especially when working in tight spaces.
Needle-nose pliers and wire cutters are also essential additions to your toolkit. These can be used for manipulating springs, detents, and other small, fiddly parts, making assembly far easier.
Specialized AR-15 Tools: Taking it to the Next Level
While basic hand tools will get you started, specialized tools for building AR-15 are indispensable. They simplify assembly and reduce the risk of damaging expensive parts.
The AR-15 armorer’s wrench is arguably the most crucial of these. It’s designed specifically for AR-15 assembly and often includes multiple features. A quality armorer’s wrench will have the necessary notches and features to work with the castle nut (used to secure the buffer tube), and the barrel nut. There are various types, some of which are combination tools that can serve multiple functions, like installing the buffer tube.
Upper receiver vise blocks are designed to securely hold the upper receiver during assembly. They clamp to the upper receiver, allowing you to torque the barrel nut without damaging the receiver. They are available in both plastic and metal; metal blocks are generally more durable.
Lower receiver vise blocks, similarly, are made to stabilize the lower receiver. They sit in the magazine well, allowing you to perform tasks like installing the buffer tube and pistol grip without the lower receiver moving. Some types are designed to interface with the bolt catch, providing a secure platform for that specific install.
Bolt catch and pivot pin installation tools are immensely helpful. These tools aid in installing the bolt catch and pivot pins, which can be difficult to manage without them. Roll pin starters are a common example. These tools help guide the roll pin into the hole, making it easier to install without bending or damaging the pin.
A torque wrench is critical for assembling the AR-15 correctly. Many components, especially the barrel nut and buffer tube, require specific torque settings. Using a torque wrench ensures these components are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications, preventing malfunctions and ensuring proper operation.
A barrel nut wrench may be necessary if it’s not already integrated into your armorer’s wrench. The wrench needs to be the specific type designed for your chosen barrel nut. This will ensure the barrel is correctly installed.
Consider purchasing a chamber brush and cleaning rod. After assembly, you will want to clean the chamber. This removes any debris and ensures the barrel is clear and ready for function.
Optional Power Tools: Consider with Caution
While hand tools are generally preferred, some power tools can aid in the assembly process, though they need to be used with caution and a full understanding of what you’re doing.
A drill press may occasionally be useful, especially if you need to drill holes. Always secure the part properly and take your time, using the correct drill bit for the job. This requires experience, and it’s not generally required for a basic build.
A Dremel or rotary tool can be used for modifications or to remove material. They require a great deal of precision and skill, and misuse can easily damage your parts, particularly when used on the receiver. Exercise extreme care and prioritize safety if you choose to use a Dremel.
Other Useful Items and Supplies
Beyond the essential and specialized tools, certain supplies contribute to a smoother and more efficient build.
Lubricants are critical. Gun oil and grease ensure proper function and reduce friction between moving parts. Apply these lubricants liberally to moving parts like the bolt carrier group and hammer.
Cleaning supplies are necessary for removing any debris or contaminants that may be present during the build. This includes cleaning solvents and rags.
Blue Loctite or thread locker is optional, but can be useful. It secures screws and bolts, preventing them from coming loose due to vibration. Use it sparingly, and make sure it’s the proper type for firearms (blue Loctite is often recommended).
Consider purchasing parts kits. These kits contain the necessary small parts, like springs, detents, and pins. This ensures you have everything you need and prevents potential frustrations when you’re halfway through the build and realize you’re missing a crucial component.
Prioritizing Safety
Safety should always be your utmost concern when building an AR-15. Review the following to make sure you are acting safely:
Always wear eye protection. This cannot be stressed enough.
Work in a clean and well-lit area to prevent errors.
Carefully follow instructions and build guides.
If you’re uncertain about a particular step, research it or seek assistance from someone experienced.
Do not work on a firearm if you are not comfortable or unsure about the process.
Always reference build guides, manuals, and tutorials throughout the process.
Concluding Thoughts
Building an AR-15 is a rewarding experience. By having the proper tools for building AR-15, you can create a customized firearm tailored to your needs. The key takeaway is to invest in the right tools and learn how to use them properly. The process may seem daunting at first, but with patience, research, and careful execution, you can build your own reliable and accurate AR-15. Remember to take your time, prioritize safety, and enjoy the process. There are plenty of online resources, build guides, and online forums to help you. Embrace the learning process, and happy building!
