How To Clean A Mosin Nagant: A Comprehensive Guide

Table of Contents

Safety First: A Non-Negotiable Rule

Confirming the Rifle is Unloaded

Before even considering the first step of cleaning, a crucial, non-negotiable rule must be etched into your mind: Gun safety is paramount. This cannot be overstated. Handling a firearm, especially a historical one, demands respect and a commitment to safety. Begin by confirming the rifle is unloaded. This may seem self-evident, but it’s the most critical step.

Check the Magazine: Press the magazine release, if your model has one, or examine the magazine follower. Ensure there are no rounds present.
Open the Bolt: Open the bolt and visually inspect the chamber. Look directly into the chamber to ensure there are no rounds.
Inspect the Magazine Well: Inspect the magazine well for any remaining ammunition.
Visual Inspection: After repeating the previous steps, point the muzzle of the rifle in a safe direction, ideally a direction where any accidental discharge will not cause harm or damage.
Bolt Inspection: Cycle the bolt several times to ensure no rounds are present within the action.

Only after you’ve definitively confirmed the Mosin Nagant is unloaded should you proceed. Always treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Wear appropriate eye protection and gloves. This protects your eyes from stray particles and keeps your hands clean. Work in a well-ventilated area. Cleaning solvents can emit fumes, so fresh air is essential. Never, under any circumstances, point the muzzle of the rifle at anything you are not willing to destroy. This is fundamental to responsible gun ownership. Only after you’ve verified these safety protocols can you safely begin the cleaning process.

Gathering Your Arsenal: Tools and Supplies

The proper tools are essential for maintaining a Mosin Nagant. Choosing the right supplies will enhance the process and protect the rifle. Here’s a list of the necessities:

Cleaning Rod: You’ll need a cleaning rod designed for firearms. While the original Mosin Nagant cleaning rod will work, a modern rod of the correct diameter and length is often preferred. Make sure it’s a rod that is not excessively abrasive, as the barrel’s bore can be damaged if the rod is too rough.
Bore Brush: Select a bore brush specifically designed for the 7.62x54R caliber. Brass brushes are a common choice. Be sure the brush fits snugly but does not get stuck within the barrel.
Patch Holder: A patch holder, whether it’s a slotted or looped design, is used to hold the cleaning patches. This component attaches to the cleaning rod and will allow for efficient application of cleaning solvents and oils.
Cleaning Patches: Cotton cleaning patches are indispensable. Vary the size of the patches based on your needs. Have a good supply on hand, as you will go through many.
Gun Cleaning Solvent/Bore Cleaner: Choose a quality solvent formulated to dissolve carbon, powder residue, and other contaminants. Reputable brands offer a range of options; research and select one that meets your needs.
Gun Oil/Lubricant: A good gun oil or lubricant is crucial for protecting metal parts and ensuring smooth operation. Apply sparingly. Again, select a product from a reputable brand.
Brass or Nylon Brush: A general-purpose brush, made of brass or nylon, is used to scrub away debris on the bolt, receiver, and other accessible surfaces.
Small Screwdriver(s): This is optional but can be helpful for any disassembly, though much of the cleaning can be done without disassembling.
Cleaning Mat or Surface: Protect your work surface and the rifle itself with a dedicated cleaning mat or a durable, clean surface.
Optional Tools: Consider q-tips or toothbrushes for intricate cleaning of the rifle. The additional tools will assist you with areas that are difficult to access.
Optional Components: Consider a bolt soaking hopper. This simple component assists with cleaning the bolt in a more thorough way, allowing you to fully submerge the bolt in a cleaning solution.

Disassembly: A Deep Dive (Optional but Recommended)

While a basic cleaning can be performed without complete disassembly, a more thorough cleaning often necessitates it. Taking apart the Mosin Nagant offers a chance to inspect all components closely and removes any trapped debris or gunk. It allows for a more precise cleaning, making the rifle function more reliably, and reducing the chances of any damage. Disassembly, however, takes more time, and one must always have awareness of the specific parts in the rifle, but it’s a worthy consideration.

Bolt Disassembly:

Remove the Bolt: Start by pulling back on the bolt handle and lifting it upwards. Then, pull the bolt rearward until it clears the receiver.
Bolt Breakdown: Many resources provide specific instruction for this, but at its most fundamental, the bolt is generally broken down. Use a screwdriver to remove the firing pin, the bolt head, and any other easily removed parts.
Bolt Reassembly: Once the bolt is cleaned, putting it back together can require patience and persistence. Be careful when you are reassembling the bolt; many components must be correctly aligned to allow proper functioning. Reference a guide or video if you have any doubts.

Receiver/Stock:

Separate the Stock: This task varies by the Mosin Nagant model. Generally, you’ll need to remove the screws securing the action to the stock. This may involve removing the buttplate and any other hardware. Consult a schematic if needed.
Further Disassembly: At this point, you may or may not want to further remove the trigger assembly. The receiver can then be cleaned independently of the stock.

Cleaning the Barrel: The Heart of Accuracy

Cleaning the bore is the cornerstone of maintaining the accuracy and performance of any firearm, and the Mosin Nagant is no exception. A dirty bore can lead to a loss of accuracy and can even cause damage over time. Follow these steps:

Apply Solvent to a Patch: Attach a cleaning patch saturated with gun cleaning solvent to your patch holder.
Pass Through the Bore: Carefully insert the cleaning rod, with the patch attached, from the chamber end of the barrel toward the muzzle. Push it through slowly and steadily. Remove the patch.
Bore Brushing: Attach the bore brush to your cleaning rod. Dip the brush in solvent. Insert the brush into the bore from the chamber end. Scrub the bore back and forth, using a twisting motion, for approximately ten to fifteen passes.
Patching Again: Replace the brush with a fresh patch. Run this patch through the bore to remove the dissolved residue. Repeat until the patch comes out relatively clean.
Inspection: If you still see dark residue on the patch, repeat steps 3 and 4. For stubborn fouling, you might need to let the solvent dwell in the bore for a short time (refer to the solvent’s instructions).
Copper Fouling: Mosin Nagants, like other firearms, can accumulate copper fouling, caused by the copper jackets of the bullets. Use a copper solvent specifically designed for this, if necessary. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Final Oiling: Once you’re satisfied with the bore’s cleanliness, apply a final patch lightly coated with gun oil. This provides a protective layer against corrosion and helps preserve the bore.

Always clean from the chamber to the muzzle. This prevents debris from accumulating in the bore and protects the crown, which is essential for accuracy.

Maintaining the Bolt: The Action’s Engine

The bolt is the heart of the Mosin Nagant’s action. It is responsible for feeding, extracting, and ejecting rounds. Properly cleaning the bolt ensures reliable functioning.

Disassembly: (If you haven’t already, you’ll need to disassemble the bolt).
Solvent and Swabs: Use a brass or nylon brush, along with solvent and cotton patches, to meticulously wipe down the bolt body, bolt head, firing pin, and all other components. Be thorough, removing any carbon buildup or gunk.
Detailed Cleaning: Pay particular attention to the bolt face (where the cartridge sits) and the firing pin. Remove any debris that might interfere with the firing pin’s movement.
Brush and Solvent: Use brushes to reach and clean any hard-to-reach areas on the bolt.
Oil and Lubrication: Lightly oil all the components after cleaning.
Reassembly: Once the parts are clean, carefully reassemble the bolt. It should function smoothly. If there is any resistance, something may be out of alignment.

The Receiver and Other Parts: Reaching Every Nook and Cranny

The receiver, trigger assembly, and other exposed parts are often overlooked. These parts accumulate grime and residue, leading to potential malfunctions. Clean them with the same care you give to the bore and bolt:

Wiping Down Components: Wipe down the receiver, trigger assembly, and any removable parts with patches soaked in solvent. Focus on removing any buildup of carbon or old lubricant.
Brush in the Hard to Reach Places: Use brushes and q-tips to access hard-to-reach areas, like crevices and corners.
Removal of Gunk: Consider blowing compressed air, or an air duster to remove stubborn fouling.
Apply Oil: Finally, apply a light coat of gun oil to these cleaned parts.

Reassembly: Putting It All Back Together

If you disassembled the rifle, reassembly is the next crucial step. Refer to your disassembly notes, diagrams, or videos to make sure you put everything back together correctly.

Bolt Reassembly: Reassemble the bolt.
Receiver in Stock: Insert the bolt into the receiver. If you’ve disassembled the receiver from the stock, carefully remount the action into the stock, aligning all the parts, and securely fastening the screws.
Double Check: Carefully check that all the parts are securely assembled and that the rifle functions smoothly.

Lubrication: The Silent Protector

Proper lubrication is critical for maintaining the smooth operation and longevity of a Mosin Nagant. It protects against corrosion.

Oiling Metal: Apply a very light coat of gun oil to all metal parts, including the bore, bolt, and receiver.
Excess Oil: Wipe off any excess oil with a clean patch or cloth. Too much oil can attract dust and dirt.
Proper Lubrication: Proper lubrication ensures that the bolt moves freely. This is especially important in the cold.

Final Inspection and Safe Storage: Protecting Your Investment

After cleaning and lubricating your Mosin Nagant, a final inspection is essential. Inspect the rifle for any remaining residue or debris, which will allow for optimal performance.

Function Test: Verify that the rifle functions correctly, including the bolt action, trigger, and safety.
Storage: Store the Mosin Nagant in a safe, dry place, away from extreme temperatures and humidity.
Secure Storage: Ensure the rifle is out of reach of children and unauthorized individuals.
Safe Environment: A secure gun safe or cabinet is the best way to store your rifle.

Troubleshooting Common Cleaning Issues

Even with a meticulous cleaning routine, occasional issues can arise. Being prepared to troubleshoot these problems will prove beneficial.

Stubborn Fouling: If you encounter stubborn fouling in the bore, you might need to use a stronger solvent or let the solvent soak in the bore for a longer period. Use a copper solvent if copper fouling is the issue.
Stuck Patches or Brushes: If a cleaning patch or brush gets stuck, try pulling it from the muzzle end with a cleaning rod, or use a specialized tool designed for that purpose. Never use excessive force.
Functionality Issues: If the rifle fails to function correctly after cleaning, double-check your reassembly and ensure all parts are properly lubricated.
Seeking Professional Help: For complex issues, such as rust or mechanical problems, consult a qualified gunsmith. Do not attempt to make complex repairs if you are not experienced.

Conclusion: Preserving History, One Cleaning at a Time

Cleaning your Mosin Nagant is a crucial aspect of responsible ownership and maintaining its value as a historical piece. By understanding how to clean a Mosin Nagant and following these steps, you can ensure that your rifle remains in top condition for years to come. From the meticulous care of the bore to the detailed attention given to the bolt and receiver, each step plays a vital role in preserving accuracy, reliability, and the historical integrity of this iconic firearm. Embrace a regular cleaning routine, and your Mosin Nagant will reward you with its consistent performance and timeless charm.

Further Steps

If you have any further questions, please consider asking a local gunsmith. If you are looking for specific information on a particular model, research online resources to find specific documentation.