Understanding the Click: Unraveling the Mystery
The Start Sequence
When you attempt to start your Harley, a sequence of events should unfold. Turning the key activates the electrical system, sending a signal to the starter relay. The starter relay, in turn, should send power to the starter motor, which then cranks the engine to life. The sound of the engine firing should follow. However, when your Harley won’t start just clicks, something is interrupting that smooth process.
The Significance of the Click
The click you hear is usually the starter relay activating. It’s a tiny, yet critical, component in the starting circuit. When the relay “clicks,” it means it’s attempting to engage, completing a circuit and sending power to the starter. The absence of any other sound, such as the engine turning over, tells us something isn’t right. The click also tells us the battery and starter relay are likely functional, but they cannot complete the engine start sequence.
Locating the Sound
You’ll typically hear the click from the area of the starter relay. It’s generally easy to locate – often within the electrical components near the battery or under the seat. Pinpointing the source of the click is essential in your detective work.
Quick Checks: The First Line of Defense
Battery Inspection
Before diving into complex diagnostics, let’s address some easy checks. These might seem elementary, but they often resolve the problem quickly.
Let’s begin with the battery. A weak or dead battery is the most frequent cause of a “Harley won’t start just clicks” situation. The electrical demands of a modern Harley are significant. The starter motor needs a substantial amount of power to turn the engine over, and if the battery can’t supply it, all you’ll get is that frustrating click.
Start by examining the battery’s connections. Look for corrosion or any signs of loose connections at the terminals. Even a small amount of corrosion can disrupt the flow of electricity. Clean the terminals with a wire brush or a solution of baking soda and water if you find corrosion. Ensure the terminal connections are tight and secure.
Next, use a multimeter to check the battery voltage. With the ignition off, a fully charged battery should read approximately 12.6 volts or higher. If it is lower than this, the battery is low. But, to be certain, a load test is ideal. If the battery load tests poorly, it needs to be replaced. Many auto parts stores offer free battery testing.
Fuse Examination
Next, scrutinize the fuses. Locate the fuse box on your Harley-Davidson, which can be located under the seat, in the side panel, or sometimes within a fairing. Check each fuse for any signs of a break in the wire, which indicates that the fuse has blown. It is always advised to replace the fuse with one of the same amperage. If a fuse has blown, it is crucial to determine the reason for the failure before installing a new fuse.
Ignition and Kill Switch Verification
Finally, examine the ignition switch and the kill switch. Make sure the ignition switch is in the “On” position. Many have been caught by forgetting to turn the ignition on. Ensure the kill switch is not engaged (often a red switch on the handlebars). If the kill switch is activated, it prevents the engine from starting.
Deeper Dive: Advanced Diagnostics
Starter Relay Examination
If those initial checks don’t solve the issue, it’s time to probe deeper. Here, we’ll investigate other possible causes and how to diagnose them.
The starter relay is the next suspect. This small electrical component is responsible for sending power from the battery to the starter motor. The “click” you hear is often the relay’s attempt to do its job, but something is preventing it from completing the task.
To test the relay, locate it (consult your Harley’s service manual for the precise location). You can often test the relay with a multimeter. The process typically involves testing for voltage across the relay’s terminals when the ignition is turned on. If you’re not comfortable with this, don’t hesitate to consult your service manual. You can also try swapping the relay with another similar relay (e.g., from your horn). If the bike starts after a swap, the old relay was indeed the issue.
Starter Motor Inspection
Next, examine the starter motor itself. This powerful motor is designed to turn the engine, and it can fail for a variety of reasons.
Potential starter motor problems can include worn brushes, a faulty solenoid (which engages the starter gear with the flywheel), or internal short circuits. To test the starter motor, you can temporarily bypass the starter relay. *Safety note: Disconnect the negative battery cable before doing this*. *CAUTION: This is not the same as removing the negative terminal from the battery. It’s simply the cable. This ensures you do not short the starter motor. It will not be covered by your insurance.* Use a jumper wire to connect the positive terminal of the battery directly to the starter motor’s power terminal. If the starter motor cranks the engine, the motor itself is likely operational. If the motor doesn’t work, it will need to be replaced.
Solenoid Assessment
The starter solenoid works with the starter motor. It is another culprit to investigate. It gets power from the starter relay. The solenoid mechanically engages the starter gear with the engine’s flywheel while supplying power to turn it over. Problems can include faulty wiring, or the solenoid itself. Testing it generally follows a similar process to testing the starter motor, as previously discussed. Replacing the solenoid is often necessary when it malfunctions.
Wiring and Grounding Analysis
Wiring and grounding issues can also be the cause. A poor ground connection can prevent sufficient current from reaching the starter motor, resulting in a click but no crank. Inspect the entire wiring harness for any damage, such as chafing or corrosion. Identify the grounding points on your Harley. These are the points where the electrical system connects to the frame of the motorcycle, completing the circuit.
Clean and tighten all ground connections. Use a wire brush to remove any corrosion, and ensure the connections are secure. Testing the connections with your multimeter, as previously discussed, will help you identify problems.
Other Possible Causes: Less Common Issues
ECM Considerations
While the items mentioned previously are more likely, other possibilities could also cause your Harley to make a click.
The Engine Control Module (ECM) can sometimes be the source of the problem. The ECM is responsible for managing the engine’s functions. If the ECM is faulty, it may not send the correct signals to the starter relay. However, ECM issues can be complex, and it’s often best to seek professional assistance with ECM diagnostics.
Crank Position Sensor (CPS) Issues
Crank position sensors (CPS) can also be the problem. The CPS, or crank position sensor, is another component that can prevent your engine from starting if it is defective. The CPS is designed to detect the crankshaft’s position, so it can coordinate fuel injection and ignition timing. If the CPS fails, the engine won’t be able to start.
Internal Engine Concerns
Finally, internal engine problems, such as a seized engine or a broken starter clutch, could be responsible. If you are experiencing this, have a professional diagnose the bike.
Safety First: Protecting Yourself and Your Harley
Battery Safety
Working on any electrical system requires caution. Always prioritize safety, no matter how minor the task seems.
When working with the battery, always wear eye protection and avoid contact with acid. When disconnecting the battery, always remove the negative (black) cable first, and reconnect it last. This minimizes the risk of a short circuit.
Electrical Precautions
When performing any electrical tests, and working with wires, use insulated tools and gloves to minimize the risk of electric shock. If you are uncomfortable performing any of these procedures, don’t hesitate to seek assistance from a qualified motorcycle mechanic.
Conclusion: Resurrecting Your Ride
The “Harley won’t start just clicks” situation can be a frustrating experience. However, by methodically working through these diagnostic steps, you can often identify and resolve the issue, keeping your Harley on the road. Remember to start with the simple checks, such as the battery and fuses, before moving on to more complex troubleshooting.
Regular maintenance is key to preventing these issues in the first place. Keep your battery terminals clean, maintain a charging schedule, and inspect your wiring regularly.
If you’ve exhausted these troubleshooting steps and your Harley still won’t start just clicks, it’s time to consult a qualified Harley-Davidson mechanic. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help. Your Harley is a complex machine, and sometimes, professional expertise is the best solution. Now go ride.
