Understanding Shotgun Shells
Components of a Shotgun Shell
Shotgun shells, at their core, are sophisticated, self-contained mini-explosive devices. Understanding their components is crucial to grasping how they can deteriorate over time. These shells are carefully constructed to deliver a payload of projectiles with consistent power and accuracy.
Inside a shotgun shell, you’ll find a meticulously engineered system. The primer, a small, sensitive explosive mixture, sits at the base of the shell. When struck by the firing pin, it ignites. This initial spark then sets off the gunpowder, also known as propellant. The rapidly expanding gases generated by the burning gunpowder build immense pressure within the shell, pushing the wad (a crucial component separating the powder from the shot/slug) forward. The shot or slug – the projectiles that do the actual damage – are propelled out of the barrel with significant force. The casing, typically made of plastic, holds all these components together and provides a seal against the elements.
How Shotgun Shells Work
So, if all these components work in harmony, why might a shotgun shell go bad? The answer lies in the sensitivity of those very components to external factors. While designed to withstand the rigors of firing, they are not indestructible.
Factors That Contribute to Shell Degradation
Exposure to Moisture
One of the most significant enemies of shotgun shells is moisture. Water can seep into the shell, affecting the primer and the gunpowder. A wet primer may fail to ignite consistently, leading to a misfire or a “dud.” Wet gunpowder degrades, burning erratically and producing inconsistent pressures. Imagine storing your shells in a damp basement or leaving them exposed to rain. Over time, this moisture exposure can render your ammunition unreliable, or worse, dangerous.
Temperature Fluctuations
Temperature fluctuations also play a significant role. Extreme heat can cause the gunpowder to break down, leading to erratic burn rates and potentially increasing the pressure inside the shell upon firing, which may be unsafe for both the user and the firearm. Exposure to extreme cold can also have a negative impact, potentially affecting the sensitivity of the primer. The constant expansion and contraction of materials due to temperature changes can lead to cracking or weakening of the casing, increasing the risk of a shell failing.
Improper Storage Conditions
Improper storage conditions contribute significantly to the degradation process. Leaving shotgun shells in direct sunlight, for example, can expose them to damaging ultraviolet rays and heat. The plastic casings can become brittle and the gunpowder can break down more quickly. Exposure to chemicals or solvents can compromise the integrity of the shell components, especially the casing. Physical damage, like crushing or denting the shells, can also render them unreliable. Each of these elements significantly decreases the lifespan of the *shotgun shells*.
Age of the Shells
Finally, the age of the *shotgun shells* themselves matters. While ammunition manufacturers design their products to be robust, the components do have a finite lifespan. Generally speaking, well-stored *shotgun shells* can last for years, even decades. However, the precise lifespan depends on the storage conditions and the manufacturing processes used. Newer shells benefit from improvements in materials and manufacturing techniques that can extend their shelf life. Older ammunition, especially those stored poorly, is more susceptible to degradation and is more likely to experience a failure when fired.
Signs of Bad Shotgun Shells
Visual Inspection
So, how can you tell if your *shotgun shells* are still good to go? The answer involves a combination of visual inspection, testing, and careful consideration of the conditions they have been exposed to.
A thorough visual inspection is the first step. Look for any signs of corrosion on the metal components, particularly the primer and the metal base of the shell. Rust or discoloration can indicate that moisture has reached the interior. Inspect the plastic casing for any cracks, dents, or other physical damage. Examine the appearance of the gunpowder. If it appears clumpy, discolored, or shows any signs of deterioration, it may be an indication of a problem. Also, check if the primer is still seated properly, which means that it’s neither pushed too far in nor popping out.
Testing Suspect Shells
If you suspect that your *shotgun shells* might be compromised, testing a few is a sensible precaution. However, always exercise extreme caution and follow safety protocols. It’s advisable to conduct this testing in a controlled environment, like a shooting range, and be aware of your surroundings. When testing, consider loading only a few rounds at a time. If you have a *shotgun shells* that does not fire, do not immediately attempt to handle the shell. Instead, wait an appropriate amount of time before safely opening the firearm.
Failure to Fire or Misfires
When a degraded shell is used, a variety of problems may arise. A failure to fire, or a misfire, is a common result of a faulty primer or degraded gunpowder. This will result in a “click” with no bang. Hang fires and squib loads are more serious outcomes. A hang fire occurs when the shell delays firing after the primer is struck, posing a risk if the shooter fails to notice the delay. A squib load occurs when there is insufficient propellant to push the shot or slug completely out of the barrel. This can create a dangerous obstruction that may explode the firearm if another round is fired.
Proper Storage Practices
Location
Protecting your *shotgun shells* and ensuring their reliable function is the best way to prevent problems. The storage location is critical. The ideal storage location is a dry, cool, and stable environment, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. A climate-controlled room or a storage space within your home, away from areas prone to moisture or temperature fluctuations, is generally preferred. Locations like attics and garages, due to temperature swings and exposure to humidity, are best avoided.
Storage Containers
The containers used for storage also make a big difference. Invest in high-quality storage containers, such as airtight, waterproof plastic ammo boxes. These provide an extra layer of protection against moisture and other environmental factors. A container made of metal is also good for protection. Avoid storing shells in cardboard boxes for long periods because these can absorb moisture from the air.
Other Considerations
Other considerations include labeling and rotation. Clearly label your storage containers with the purchase date of the ammunition. This helps you track the age of your *shotgun shells* and prioritize the use of older shells. Rotate your stock using a first-in, first-out (FIFO) system. Use the older shells first, replenishing your supply with newer ammunition.
Safety Precautions
Safe Handling
Always prioritize safety when handling and storing *shotgun shells*.
Disposal of Bad Shells
If you encounter degraded or suspect *shotgun shells*, handle them with extreme caution. The proper disposal of bad ammunition is crucial. If you have a large quantity of questionable shells, consider contacting your local law enforcement agency or a qualified gunsmith for guidance on safe disposal methods. Never attempt to disassemble or modify potentially unstable ammunition yourself. If you have access to a range with proper facilities, and a solid understanding of safety, you may be able to discharge the shells in a controlled environment. Doing so is always better than risking them degrading and accidentally causing a safety issue at a later time.
Conclusion
By following these guidelines, you can help to ensure that your *shotgun shells* perform reliably and safely when you need them most.
In conclusion, while *shotgun shells* are designed for durability, they are not impervious to the effects of time and environmental factors. Moisture, temperature fluctuations, improper storage, and age can all contribute to the degradation of ammunition. Proper storage practices are the most important factor in maintaining the integrity and reliability of your *shotgun shells*.
By understanding the principles of ammunition storage, performing regular inspections, and following safety precautions, you can maximize the lifespan of your ammunition and ensure that your shotgun functions correctly. Be mindful of your ammunition’s condition, and take the necessary steps to keep it in top condition for the safety of yourself and others.
