A Look Back at the Past
The 45-70 Government
From the dusty trails of the Wild West to the modern hunting grounds, the world of firearms is rich with iconic cartridges that have shaped history and continue to captivate shooting enthusiasts. The 45-70 Government was born in an age of military innovation, developed by the U.S. Army in the late nineteenth century. Designed to replace earlier black powder cartridges, the 45-70 was initially chambered in the Springfield Model 1873 “Trapdoor” rifle. The “45” refers to the bullet’s diameter in inches, the “70” indicates the weight of the black powder charge in grains, and “Government” signified its official adoption. The cartridge quickly proved its worth on the battlefield and later on the hunting grounds, providing impressive power and accuracy at a time when long-range shooting was becoming increasingly important. Its large-caliber bullet and heavy powder charge delivered devastating impact, making it a favorite for bringing down large game. This cartridge helped shape the American West, becoming a trusted companion for pioneers and frontiersmen. The 45-70’s enduring popularity is a testament to its effective design and its legacy as a true American icon. It is still enjoyed by shooters today, used in replica weapons that are used in reenactments and the modern versions that make for effective hunting rounds.
The 44 Magnum
The 44 Magnum emerged in the mid-twentieth century. Developed through a collaboration between Smith & Wesson and Remington, the 44 Magnum was designed to push the boundaries of handgun performance. Inspired by Elmer Keith, a prominent firearms expert who sought to create a more powerful handgun round, the 44 Magnum was intended for hunting large game. Its initial success was cemented by its raw power and the iconic Smith & Wesson Model 29 revolver, which quickly became a symbol of American pop culture. The 44 Magnum quickly captured the imagination of shooters, and thanks to its exceptional stopping power and accuracy, it went on to be adopted by law enforcement agencies and civilian shooters alike. The 44 Magnum still remains a favorite among revolver enthusiasts and handgun hunters, offering impressive energy levels and a level of versatility that keeps it relevant in a world of ever-evolving firearms technology.
Understanding the Ballistics and Performance
Bullet Diameter and Weight
When comparing the 45-70 and the 44 Magnum, understanding their ballistic characteristics is crucial. These characteristics dictate their effectiveness at different ranges and for different hunting scenarios. Ballistics, including bullet diameter, weight, muzzle velocity, and energy levels are crucial elements to consider.
Muzzle Velocity and Energy
The muzzle velocity and energy are where some of the most significant differences emerge. While the 44 Magnum often exhibits a higher muzzle velocity, particularly with lighter bullets, the 45-70, due to its heavier bullets, can generate significantly higher energy levels, especially at close to medium ranges. The energy retained at those ranges translates directly to increased stopping power on impact.
Effective Range and Accuracy
Effective range and accuracy are further points of comparison. The flatter trajectory of the 44 Magnum can allow it to have better accuracy at medium distances. The 45-70, with its trajectory that drops more at longer distances, has a more limited effective range. Factors like sight configuration and barrel length can influence accuracy, but the fundamental ballistic differences between the rounds remain.
The Arsenal of Choices
45-70 Firearms
The firearms platforms available for each cartridge are a key consideration. The choice of a firearm directly impacts the shooting experience and the suitability of each round for specific applications. The 45-70’s popularity has generated a range of suitable firearms. The lever-action rifle is the most common, and it blends history and utility well. The lever-action has a classic look and is easy to handle. Bolt-action rifles and single-shot rifles, such as those made by Ruger and CVA, are also popular choices. Each offers specific handling characteristics, which can influence the way the cartridge performs.
44 Magnum Firearms
The 44 Magnum has made an impact on the world of handguns, with revolvers as the most common platform. The 44 Magnum became a true icon with revolvers. Lever-action rifles are also used, giving the user the option for long-range use and rapid follow-up shots. Single-shot firearms have been created as well, offering a different way of engaging the 44 Magnum.
Platform Considerations
Recoil is an important aspect of platform design. The 45-70, due to its powerful nature, can have significant recoil. Proper firearm design, including the addition of recoil pads, can help to mitigate recoil and make the platform easier to handle. The 44 Magnum is typically more manageable, although the recoil is still noticeable, especially in lighter-framed handguns.
Evaluating Hunting Effectiveness
Game Suitability
The hunting capabilities of these cartridges are key factors to consider. Both the 45-70 and the 44 Magnum can be considered excellent choices, depending on the intended target. The 45-70 excels with large game. Its bullet diameter, heavy bullet weight, and inherent power allow it to reliably take down bear, elk, and moose. Proper shot placement is always crucial, but the 45-70 has the stopping power to take down the largest game at close to medium ranges. The cartridge’s effectiveness has earned it a reputation as a hunting round.
Penetration and Terminal Performance
The 44 Magnum’s capabilities are better suited for medium game, such as deer, and black bear. The cartridge’s greater trajectory gives it a level of accuracy at longer distances, while still delivering a large impact. Penetration and terminal performance are important considerations. The 45-70, with its bullet diameter and momentum, delivers deep penetration, creating a large wound channel. The 44 Magnum also delivers good penetration and expands well. Careful shot placement and bullet choice are necessary to maximize the effectiveness of both cartridges in various hunting situations.
Availability, Costs, and Handloading
Ammo Availability
Ammo availability and handloading potential are practical aspects that impact the appeal of these cartridges. Commercial ammunition for the 45-70 is available, although it may not be as widely accessible as some other cartridges. Prices range depending on brand and bullet type. The 44 Magnum is more common, and it is easier to find in most gun stores, making it a convenient choice. This increased availability influences both cost and accessibility.
Handloading Potential
Handloading is a common pursuit for both cartridges, allowing shooters to customize the performance of their rounds to match their specific needs. Handloading makes it easy to optimize your loads, and this gives the shooter much more control. Both cartridges have ample components available for handloading, allowing reloaders to experiment with bullet weights, powder charges, and bullet types to achieve specific results.
Considering Recoil and Overall Handling
Recoil Comparison
Recoil management is important for both cartridges. The 45-70, with its significant power, can have a more noticeable recoil. Proper stance and technique can help manage recoil. The added weight of the platform and a good recoil pad are important considerations to make shooting more manageable.
Ease of Use
The 44 Magnum has a manageable recoil compared to the 45-70. The handling can be significantly impacted by the firearm platform. The ease of use will also depend on the shooter and the firearm. The 45-70, with its classic design and heavier bullet, may require more practice and experience to master. The 44 Magnum, due to its versatility, may be easier to use in a variety of shooting situations.
Weighing the Pros and Cons
To help provide the reader with a useful comparison, let’s look at a clear comparison of these two cartridges:
| Feature | 45-70 Government | 44 Magnum |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy | Good at shorter to medium ranges | Good at medium ranges |
| Recoil | Can be significant | Noticeable, but generally less |
| Ballistic Performance | Heavy bullet, low muzzle velocity | Lighter, higher muzzle velocity |
| Handloading Potential | High | High |
| Game Sizes | Large game (elk, bear, moose) | Medium game (deer, black bear) |
| Ammunition Cost | Varies, but can be more expensive | Generally less expensive |
Concluding Thoughts
The 45-70 Government and the 44 Magnum are both legendary cartridges that continue to offer excellent performance and a rich history. The 45-70 shines with its unparalleled ability to deliver heavy impact on big game, while the 44 Magnum provides a versatile combination of power and manageable recoil. The choice between these two cartridges depends on your specific needs. If your focus is on hunting large game at close to medium ranges, the 45-70 might be the best choice. If you want a versatile cartridge for medium game hunting or handgun hunting, the 44 Magnum is an excellent option. Understanding their capabilities, platforms, and individual characteristics is the key. Regardless of your choice, both the 45-70 and the 44 Magnum offer an unparalleled shooting experience that allows you to connect with the history and craft of shooting. The decision ultimately comes down to individual preferences and intended use.
Sharing Your Experiences
Have you had experience with either of these rounds? Do you prefer the 45-70 or the 44 Magnum and what do you like about it? Please feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!
Further Exploration
If you want to learn more, consider visiting these resources. Find articles and forums that offer a deeper look at these two rounds.
