A Brief History and a Shared Purpose
The crack of a rifle, the scent of burnt powder, and the thrill of a successful shot – these are the hallmarks of a pastime enjoyed by hunters and shooters across the globe. Among the many cartridges available, two have earned a prominent place in the hearts of those who pursue varmints and engage in long-range target practice: the .22-250 Remington and the .220 Swift. Both are known for their high velocities and flat trajectories, making them excellent choices for challenging shots. This article delves into the world of .22-250 Remington and .220 Swift ballistics, performance characteristics, and how to select the one that suits your specific needs.
Tracing Their Lineage
Both the .22-250 Remington and the .220 Swift share a common goal: to deliver a small-diameter bullet at incredibly high speed. This design philosophy is perfectly suited to take down small, fast-moving targets, such as groundhogs, prairie dogs, and other varmints. Their high velocities create flatter trajectories, meaning the bullet drops less over distance, which simplifies aiming and increases the effective range of these cartridges.
The .22-250 Remington’s origins can be traced back to the early twentieth century, evolving from wildcat cartridges based on the .250 Savage. Remington standardized it in 1965, and it quickly became a commercial success due to its inherent accuracy and versatility.
The .220 Swift, introduced by Winchester in 1935, predates the .22-250 and was initially a ground-breaking cartridge. It was one of the first commercial cartridges to achieve truly remarkable velocities, setting a new standard for the time. The .220 Swift’s long history attests to its enduring popularity.
A Look at the Specifications
Both cartridges share the same bullet diameter (.224 inches), but their case designs differ. The .22-250 typically has a slightly larger case capacity, and a more gradual shoulder angle, while the .220 Swift has a steeper shoulder angle. These differences impact the ballistic performance, and the amount of powder each cartridge can hold.
The .22-250 is a versatile cartridge. It is commonly found in bolt-action rifles and is favored for varmint hunting and target shooting. The .220 Swift, while also versatile, is often used in bolt-action rifles. It too is used by varmint hunters and competitive shooters looking for extreme long-range performance.
The Science of Flight: Ballistics Comparison
The heart of our comparison lies in the ballistics: the study of projectile motion. A deep understanding of these factors will inform your ammunition choices and ultimately improve your success on the range or in the field.
Initial Speed: The Starting Point
Muzzle velocity is the speed at which a bullet leaves the barrel of a gun. It is the foundation upon which all other ballistic calculations are built. In general, the .220 Swift tends to have a slight advantage in muzzle velocity, especially with lighter bullets. A lighter bullet launched at higher speeds has the potential to reach its intended target faster. However, this can vary depending on the specific bullet weight, powder type, and the characteristics of the rifle itself.
- For instance, using a 40-grain bullet, the .220 Swift might achieve a muzzle velocity exceeding 4,000 feet per second (fps), while the .22-250 Remington would typically fall slightly below that.
- As bullet weight increases (50-60 grains), the velocity gap narrows. The .220 Swift still holds the edge, albeit a smaller one.
The Path of the Bullet: Trajectory
Trajectory is the bullet’s curved path as it travels downrange, influenced by gravity and air resistance. The flatter the trajectory, the less you need to compensate for bullet drop at different distances.
- Given their high velocities, both the .22-250 Remington and the .220 Swift exhibit relatively flat trajectories.
- The .220 Swift, due to its higher initial velocity, generally experiences slightly less bullet drop at extended ranges. This can be a significant advantage when engaging targets hundreds of yards away.
- For example, when sighted in for a 200-yard zero, both cartridges might drop approximately one to two inches at 300 yards. However, at 400 yards, the .220 Swift might drop less.
The Impact Force: Energy on Target
Energy on target (measured in foot-pounds or Joules) reflects the amount of kinetic energy the bullet possesses upon impact. This energy, combined with bullet design, determines the bullet’s effectiveness in delivering the desired terminal performance.
- The higher the velocity and the heavier the bullet, the greater the energy on target.
- The .220 Swift, with its typically higher initial velocities, may deliver slightly more energy, particularly at longer ranges, with a 50-grain bullet.
- However, the difference in energy is relatively small, especially at closer distances.
Facing the Wind: Wind Drift
Wind drift is the deflection of the bullet’s path due to crosswinds. This is a critical consideration for long-range shooting, as even a light breeze can significantly affect point of impact.
- High-velocity cartridges like the .22-250 and .220 Swift are somewhat less affected by wind drift than slower cartridges.
- Because of the slightly higher velocities, the .220 Swift often experiences marginally less wind drift than the .22-250, especially in stronger winds and at longer distances.
- Knowing the wind speed and direction, and understanding how it affects the bullet, is key to making accurate shots.
Comparing Side-by-Side: A Ballistics Summary
| Feature | .22-250 Remington | .220 Swift | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muzzle Velocity | Slightly lower, depends on bullet weight | Slightly higher, depends on bullet weight | Varies greatly with bullet weight and load. |
| 300 Yard Drop | ~ -5 to -6 inches | ~ -4 to -5 inches | Using a 50-grain bullet and a 200-yard zero. |
| 400 Yard Drop | ~ -14 to -16 inches | ~ -12 to -14 inches | Using a 50-grain bullet and a 200-yard zero. |
| 300 Yard Energy | Moderate | Moderate | Terminal performance is a product of bullet design as well. |
| Wind Drift | Slightly more | Slightly less | Greater at longer ranges. |
Performance Beyond the Numbers
The ballistics provide a solid foundation for comparison. The true performance will require consideration of other factors.
Extending the Reach: Effective Range
The effective range is the distance at which a shooter can consistently hit their target with acceptable accuracy and terminal performance.
- Both cartridges excel at medium to long-range shooting.
- The .22-250 Remington is often considered effective out to approximately 400 yards for varmint hunting, while the .220 Swift can extend that range to around 500 yards or more, depending on the specific load and shooting conditions.
Precision and Placement: Accuracy Potential
The accuracy of a rifle and cartridge combination is essential for hitting the intended target. Accuracy is influenced by a variety of factors, including the quality of the rifle, the ammunition, and the shooter’s skill.
- Both the .22-250 Remington and the .220 Swift are inherently accurate cartridges, capable of producing impressive groups at long ranges.
- Choosing high-quality bullets, reloading with care, and honing your shooting skills are paramount to maximizing the accuracy potential of either cartridge.
Feeling the Kick: Recoil
Recoil, or the kick of the rifle, is an important consideration, particularly for new shooters or those who shoot for extended periods.
- Both the .22-250 Remington and the .220 Swift have relatively mild recoil compared to larger caliber cartridges.
- The recoil is manageable, but the .22-250 Remington may feel slightly less, due to the smaller case capacity.
Lifespan of the Barrel
High-velocity cartridges are known to wear out barrels more quickly than slower ones. This is due to the heat and pressure generated during firing, which gradually erodes the rifling inside the barrel.
- The .22-250 Remington generally offers better barrel life than the .220 Swift.
- Shooters of the .220 Swift can expect a shorter barrel life due to the cartridge’s higher operating pressures and velocities. Careful reloading, and avoiding excessive firing, can extend a barrel’s life.
Sourcing Ammo and Components
The availability of ammunition and reloading components is a practical concern.
- The .22-250 Remington is more widely available than the .220 Swift. Ammunition and reloading supplies for the .22-250 are generally easier to find and often more affordable.
- The .220 Swift, while still supported by major ammunition manufacturers, may have fewer options on store shelves.
Diverse Applications
The utility of these cartridges extends far beyond mere numbers. Consider their specific applications.
Varminting: A Shared Passion
Both cartridges are legendary for their effectiveness on varmints. They are both very flat shooting and can easily take down groundhogs, prairie dogs, and other small game at extended distances.
- The .22-250 Remington is often chosen for its slightly wider availability and perceived ease of use.
- The .220 Swift, with its added reach, is well-suited for taking on varmints at longer ranges, offering a distinct advantage in wide-open spaces.
Targets and Goals: Precision Shooting
Beyond hunting, both cartridges also see use in target shooting.
- The .22-250 Remington is a popular choice for competitive shooting disciplines where accuracy and range are paramount.
- The .220 Swift also has its following in precision shooting.
Factors to Consider
- Local Regulations: Always check local hunting regulations and restrictions. Some areas may have specific limitations on the use of certain cartridges or bullet types.
- Terrain and Hunting Style: The .220 Swift is a good choice when longer shots are required. The .22-250 Remington is usually preferred when taking shots within medium ranges.
Choosing the Right Tool
Selecting the appropriate cartridge requires an evaluation of your specific needs and preferences.
The Case for the .22-250 Remington
The .22-250 Remington offers a combination of performance, availability, and affordability.
- It is a great option for varmint hunters who primarily shoot at moderate ranges.
- Its wider ammunition availability makes it a practical choice for many shooters.
The Case for the .220 Swift
The .220 Swift offers some advantages, especially if you are seeking extra range.
- It may be favored by shooters who regularly engage targets at longer distances.
- The .220 Swift can offer a slight edge in flatter trajectories and reduced wind drift.
Making the Decision: Key Considerations
When deciding between these two cartridges, carefully assess:
- The range at which you typically shoot
- The size and type of targets you intend to engage
- Your budget for ammunition and reloading
- Your preferred shooting style
Conclusion: The Right Choice for You
Both the .22-250 Remington and the .220 Swift are capable, high-performing cartridges that have earned their place in shooting history. Each provides distinct advantages, from the convenience of the .22-250 to the raw reach of the .220 Swift. The ideal choice ultimately depends on your specific needs, preferences, and shooting goals.
Before making a final decision, carefully research the specific ammunition available for each cartridge and test-fire both if possible. By understanding the ballistics and performance characteristics of both cartridges, you’ll be well-equipped to select the one that will deliver the most satisfying results in the field or on the range.
Call to Action
We encourage you to delve deeper into the world of ballistics and to explore the possibilities offered by these exceptional cartridges. Further reading on ballistic calculators and reviews of the rifles that shoot them will further enhance your understanding.
