Understanding the 20 Gauge for Turkey Hunting
The thrill of a gobbler strutting confidently through the woods, the heart-pounding anticipation of the perfect shot – turkey hunting is a pursuit that ignites a passion in many outdoor enthusiasts. For those looking to embrace this challenge, or seeking a lighter, more maneuverable firearm option, the 20 gauge shotgun is rapidly gaining popularity. But can this smaller gauge truly deliver when targeting a tough, wary bird like the wild turkey? This article delves into the world of the 20 gauge 2 3/4″ turkey load, exploring its capabilities, limitations, and providing the information you need to increase your chances of a successful hunt.
The 20 gauge shotgun has long been overshadowed by its bigger sibling, the 12 gauge, the behemoth of the shotgun world. However, times are changing. As hunting technology advances and hunters seek alternatives, the 20 gauge has found its place, especially in the realm of turkey hunting. Its appealing qualities have made it a favored choice for certain hunters.
Let’s examine a direct comparison:
The primary advantage of the 20 gauge lies in its weight and reduced recoil. A 20 gauge shotgun is inherently lighter than a comparable 12 gauge, making it easier to carry throughout the long hours of a turkey hunt. This lighter weight translates to greater maneuverability, crucial for navigating dense underbrush or quickly shouldering your firearm when a tom appears. The reduced recoil is another significant benefit, particularly for youth hunters, those sensitive to recoil, or anyone who finds heavier loads uncomfortable. Less recoil enhances the shooting experience and allows for quicker follow-up shots, if necessary.
On the other hand, the 20 gauge does have its limitations. Primarily, it delivers a smaller payload than a 12 gauge. This means it can hold fewer pellets in a given shell. Fewer pellets, generally, translate to a less dense pattern at longer ranges, potentially decreasing the chances of a clean, ethical kill. In turn, this can also limit your effective range on larger birds like turkeys.
So, when does the 20 gauge truly shine? The answer depends on individual preferences and hunting situations. It’s an excellent choice for youth hunters who may struggle with the recoil of a 12 gauge, building confidence and improving their shooting skills. Hunters who prioritize maneuverability in tight cover, where shots are often taken at shorter distances, may find the 20 gauge to be the perfect tool. It’s also a smart pick when you’re anticipating shorter-range shots.
Shell Specifications and Performance
When discussing the 20 gauge 2 3/4″ turkey load, understanding the ammunition is key to understanding its effectiveness. The “2 3/4” refers to the length of the shell after it has been fired, a measurement of the total length of the spent cartridge.
Within the 20 gauge 2 3/4″ shell, you’ll find a variety of shot sizes and payload weights, which directly impact how the load performs. Common shot sizes for turkey hunting include #4, #5, and #6 shot. The shot size refers to the diameter of the individual pellets: the smaller the number, the larger the pellet size.
Payloads
Payload weights typically range from around one ounce to one and an eighth ounce. The larger the payload, the more pellets are in the shell, leading to a potentially denser pattern, which is what you want when going turkey hunting.
Shot Size
Shot size is perhaps the most critical factor to consider. The larger the shot (smaller number), the greater its individual energy, the greater the stopping power, and the longer its potential effective range. But bigger shot also means fewer pellets, which can affect pattern density. Smaller shot (#6) has a higher pellet count, delivering more hits, making them effective at closer ranges.
Material Matters
Historically, lead shot was the standard. However, many modern turkey loads incorporate denser shot materials like tungsten-based alloys. The increased density of tungsten translates to greater penetration and downrange energy retention. This advantage can extend the effective range of the load.
Velocity’s Impact
Velocity, the speed at which the pellets leave the barrel, also influences a load’s performance. Higher velocities typically result in flatter trajectories and greater downrange energy. This can contribute to a longer effective range. Faster loads can, however, also produce more recoil.
Selecting the Ideal Load for Your 20 Gauge
Choosing the right load is a critical step for successful turkey hunting. It’s not just about putting a shell in your gun, it’s about finding the perfect combination of factors to maximize your odds of harvesting a gobbler ethically and efficiently.
One of the most important factors to consider is the anticipated distance of your shots. Turkeys are deceptively tough, and their vitals are relatively small. Realistically, a 20 gauge 2 3/4″ load is often effective at ranges of up to forty yards, sometimes even a bit further, depending on the load and the shotgun’s configuration.
You *must* pattern your shotgun to determine its effective range. Patterning involves shooting at a large target (usually a sheet of paper) at different distances to see how the shot spreads. The goal is to achieve a dense and even pattern with a sufficient number of pellets hitting the vital areas of the turkey (head and neck).
The Choke and Your Shotgun
The choke, a constriction at the end of the barrel, plays a vital role in controlling the spread of the shot. Different chokes produce varying pattern densities. A tighter choke, such as a full or extra-full choke, concentrates the shot into a smaller pattern. These are the most common and recommended types for turkey hunting. An extra-full “turkey choke” is often the best choice.
The perfect choke will optimize pattern density at the ranges you expect to take your shots. This means getting enough hits in the vital zone of the bird.
Research and Recommendations
With countless turkey loads available on the market, doing some research can save you time and ensure that you are spending your money wisely. Read user reviews and articles. Ask other hunters about their preferred loads. Some manufacturers that consistently produce quality 20 gauge turkey loads include Federal, Winchester, and Remington.
When reading reviews, pay attention to comments about pattern density, effective range, recoil, and overall performance. Look for consistency and overall positive feedback. Many hunters are eager to share their experiences.
Keys to a Successful Hunt with the Twenty Gauge
With the right equipment, the 20 gauge can be a very effective tool in the hands of a patient hunter.
Before taking to the woods, properly pattern your shotgun with the load you intend to use.
How to Pattern Your Shotgun:
- Choose a safe location.
- Use a large piece of paper or cardboard.
- Mount the target at the same distance from which you expect to take shots.
- Aim at the center of the target.
- Fire the gun, being careful to maintain a steady stance.
- Analyze the pattern, counting the number of pellet strikes within a defined circle (e.g., a circle representing the turkey’s head and neck).
- Repeat the process to establish multiple pattern shots and find the most consistently dense pattern.
Carefully evaluate your results. The pattern should be even, with the majority of the pellets concentrated within the vital area. This process allows you to identify the maximum effective range of your specific load and choke combination.
Shot Placement Matters
Proper shot placement is critical for a clean, ethical kill. Aim for the turkey’s head and neck. These areas contain the vital organs. Avoid aiming for the body.
Be patient. Wait for the right opportunity. This increases your chances of a successful harvest.
Hunting Strategies
Employing effective hunting strategies will increase your odds of success. Calling is an important turkey hunting tactic. Scout and identify areas where turkeys frequent, such as feeding areas, strutting zones, and roosting sites. Calling techniques can lure a gobbler within shooting range.
When you are planning a hunt, plan for short distances to reduce the chance of error. Close-range shooting increases the chances of hitting the bird.
Important Safety Points
Gun safety is always paramount. Handle your firearm responsibly. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction, and be aware of your surroundings. Wear eye and ear protection.
Make sure you are confident with all the safety rules.
Final Thoughts
The 20 gauge 2 3/4″ turkey load provides a compelling option for hunters seeking a lighter, more manageable firearm for turkey hunting. While it may not have the brute force of a 12 gauge, the 20 gauge still offers excellent performance. With careful selection of ammunition, proper patterning, and the implementation of sound hunting strategies, the 20 gauge is a very efficient hunting machine.
Remember that responsible hunting practices are crucial. Respect the animal, follow all game laws, and prioritize ethical behavior. With the right approach, the 20 gauge can be a rewarding choice for experiencing the thrill of turkey hunting. This is why the 20 gauge 2 3/4″ turkey load is such a great choice.
